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Convergence advocates argue that a "survival-of the-fittest" process will force firms globally to accept the best practices exemplified by Anglo-American practices.

A) True
B) False

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Managerial human capital refers to the skills and abilities of top managers and directors.

A) True
B) False

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From a corporate governance standpoint, a narrow scope may be indicative of managers' empire-building and risk reduction.

A) True
B) False

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The view that private ownership is superior to state ownership in economic policy making is known as the:


A) ​Beijing Consensus.
B) ​Washington Consensus.
C) ​Moral hazard.
D) ​Stewardship theory.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Three decades of privatization suggest all of the following EXCEPT:


A) Privatization to insiders helps improve the performance of small firms.
B) In large corporations privatization to insiders, without external governance pressures, is hardly conducive for needed restructuring.
C) Outside ownership and control, preferably by blockholders, funds, foreigners, and/ or banks, are more likely to facilitate restructuring.
D) When outside investors such as institutional investors do come in, they fail to assert their power.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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When is it best for a board of directors to use a "carrot" as a governance mechanism, and when is it better to use a "stick"?

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​In order to better motivate managers, i...

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Internal governance mechanisms employed by boards of directors include "carrots" and "sticks."

A) True
B) False

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In recent years, CEO duality has:


A) ​Is no longer allowed for firms operating in the United States.
B) ​Increased from 12% in 2002 to 48% in 2010.
C) ​Become a less common practice among firms around the world.
D) ​Decreased based on conclusive research evidence showing it is less effective than nonduality.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Overall, governance practices need to fit with the nature of the industry in which firms are competing. This cautions against prescribing universal "best" practices.

A) True
B) False

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Diffused ownership is the opposite of concentrated ownership, and is more common in:


A) The United States and United Kingdom.
B) South America.
C) Asia.
D) Africa.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Agency theory assumes that managers:


A) Have a responsibility to the owners.
B) Avoid opportunistic and self-serving activities.
C) Eliminate agency costs.
D) Can be left to their own devices.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is true of Anglo-American corporate governance systems but not true of German-Japanese systems?


A) ​It is bank-oriented and network-based.
B) ​It relies mostly on exit-based external systems.
C) ​It could be described as stakeholder capitalism.
D) ​It is a highly developed successful economy.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Agency problems are eliminated by reducing information asymmetries.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following would be considered a benefit to having inside directors on a board of directors?


A) ​Greater independence from managerial influence
B) ​Greater first-hand knowledge about the firm.
C) ​More effective control of managers.
D) ​None of the above.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The label of __________ has been applied to management focus on stock prices based on the view that the purpose of firms is to serve the economic interests of shareholders.


A) ​Shareholder capitalism.
B) ​Stewardship theory.
C) ​CEO duality.
D) ​Governance package.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Strategists should:


A) Understand the nature of principal-agent and principal-principal conflicts to create better governance mechanisms.
B) Develop firm-specific capabilities to differentiate on governance dimensions.
C) Understand the rules, anticipate changes, and be aware of differences, especially when doing business abroad.
D) All of the above.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The trend around the world is to introduce more inside directors and fewer outside directors.

A) True
B) False

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The market for private equity involves going private by tapping into private equity.

A) True
B) False

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CEO duality refers to a situation in which two people share the role of CEO.

A) True
B) False

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You are the founder of a firm that appears to have significant long-term growth potential. Right now you and your family own 100% of the firm's shares and you are trying to figure out whether to keep things that way. How might you do that? Should you do that?

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In the United States, inheritance tax an...

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