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Pearson's mother and father have type 2 diabetes.To reduce his risk of this disease,Pearson should


A) avoid gaining excess weight.
B) increase his animal protein intake to 120 g/day.
C) consume a low-fiber diet.
D) reduce his sodium intake to 1500 mg/day.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes.To reduce her risk of this disease,Marissa should


A) take iron supplements daily.
B) avoid gaining excess weight.
C) reduce her intake of sodium.
D) use foods that are sweetened with fructose or maltose.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.
B) Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
C) Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough,overcooked meat.
D) Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.


A) 100%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?


A) Sucralose
B) Dietary fiber
C) Starch
D) Added sugars

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Lactose is the disaccharide in


A) grapes.
B) sugar.
C) milk.
D) liver.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.
B) High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
C) People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.
D) Consuming more protein than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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D

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.


A) glycogen
B) polysaccharide
C) glucose
D) fructose

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Alicia has PKU.She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g.Based on this information,which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?


A) Sucralose
B) Xylitol
C) Molasses
D) Aspartame

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Insulin


A) is released during fasting periods,such as between meals.
B) increases blood glucose levels after meals.
C) stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy.
D) helps glucose enter cells.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as


A) fiber.
B) ketone bodies.
C) glycogen.
D) certain B vitamins.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes.Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?


A) Gaining an unexpected amount of weight
B) Having fruity-smelling breath
C) Urinating less frequently than normal
D) Having a fasting blood glucose level of 80 mg/dl

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Jacob has a rare condition,an inborn error of metabolism,that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen.Every four hours,day and night,Jacob has to consume a solution that provides a source of glucose,which is slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract.Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution?


A) Aspartame
B) Corn starch
C) Saccharin
D) High-fructose corn syrup

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need,the excess can be


A) eliminated in feces.
B) converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.
C) metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys.
D) converted into fat and stored.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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D

After Cameron consumes foods and beverages that contain fructose,he develops abdominal bloating,cramps,and gas that is followed by diarrhe A.A _____ diet is likely to help him avoid these intestinal signs and symptoms.


A) low-FODMAP
B) high-fiber
C) low-sodium
D) high-GI/high-GL

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A

Glycogen is composed of _____ molecules.


A) glucose
B) insulin
C) fructose
D) ribose

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more) ?


A) Baked potato
B) Fat-free milk
C) Banana
D) Peanuts

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Mark has type 2 diabetes.For the past two weeks,his fasting blood glucose level has been below 130 mg/dl.Today,Mark's physician tested his blood.Although the fasting value was 125 mg/dl,she reported that he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level.Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Mark?


A) Mark is losing weight rapidly.
B) Mark's blood pressure is too low.
C) Mark's HbA1c is 8.5.
D) Mark's blood pressure is too high.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal.


A) ketone bodies
B) glycogen
C) connective tissue
D) antioxidants

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?


A) Raw shrimp
B) Fresh chicken
C) White rice
D) Egg yolk

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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