Question 1

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons
B)  an electrical impulse that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons
C)  a chemical communicator manufactured by glial cells
D)  a microscopic channel through which sodium and potassium ions passE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Two important language regions in the brain, Broca's areaand Wernicke's area, are named after the European scientistswho discovered their functions in the mid-1800s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the _____ and _____ nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic; endocrine
B)  sympathetic; parasympathetic
C)  endocrine; sympathetic
D)  involuntary; voluntaryE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A Focus on Neuroscience section in the text described a research study involving participants who learned how to juggle. What was the purpose of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  to test the effects of enriched environments on balance and motor skills
B)  to compare the motor skills of jugglers versus nonjugglers
C)  to determine whether learning a new skill caused structural changes in the brain
D)  to determine whether juggling involves primarily the left or the right cerebral hemisphereE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

When a neurotransmitter communicates an inhibitory message to a postsynaptic neuron, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic neuron is more likely to have an action potential.
B)  postsynaptic neuron is less likely to have an action potential.
C)  presynaptic neuron is more likely to have an action potential.
D)  presynaptic neuron is less likely to have an action potential.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Maria heard a strange banging noise just outside her bedroom window in the middle of the night. She froze in fear, and herheart began to pound. Maria's heightened physical arousal involved the activation of which subdivision of the nervoussystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine
B)  parasympathetic
C)  sympathetic
D)  reticularE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

How is each part of the body represented on the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  in proportion to each body part's potential for movement
B)  in proportion to the degree of neurogenesis that has occurred in each segment of the region
C)  in proportion to the size of each body part
D)  in proportion to each body part's sensitivity to somatic sensationsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which brain structure exerts considerable influence over these cretion of hormones throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypothalamus
B)  the amygdala
C)  the hippocampus
D)  the thalamusE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor site?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a process called reuptake, they are reabsorbed by the sending neuron and recycled.
B)  They bind with potassium ions.
C)  They are destroyed by glial cells.
D)  In a process called depolarization, they are neutralized by negative ions.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The electrical charge of a neuron when it is in the resting potential state is about:

Accepted Answer

A)  +30 millivolts.
B)  -70 millivolts.
C)  +2 volts.
D)  -10 volts.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Petro is unable to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain damage. Petro suffers from:

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson's disease.
B)  Alzheimer's' disease.
C)  the aftereffects of the split-brain operation.
D)  aphasia.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The notion of structural plasticity:

Accepted Answer

A)  has been demonstrated in animal studies but there is no evidence for structural plasticity in humans.
B)  is the idea that learning, active practice, or environmental stimulation can cause physical changes in the brain's
C)  str led to tucture.h e(T idruea ofe Answ surgically cutter ) Correctin g the corpus callosum as a possible treatment for severe cases of epilepsy.
D)  is the idea that the brain has the ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

When a neuron is polarized:

Accepted Answer

A)  the exterior fluid surrounding the neuron is more negatively charged than the interior of the neuron.
B)  an action potential will travel down the dendrites causing the release of neurotransmitters.
C)  the electrical charge across the neuron's membrane is balanced with the same charge outside as inside.
D)  the interior of the neuron is more negatively charged than the exterior fluid surrounding the neuron.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Functional plasticity:

Accepted Answer

A)  can produce aphasia or paralysis.
B)  has been demonstrated in research with primates but not with humans.
C)  refers to the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged areas of the brain.
D)  can only occur in children prior to about the age of seven.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in blood flow due to neural activity.
B)  electrical activity of neurons produced by postsynaptic potentials.
C)  magnetic fields produced by action potentials of neurons.
D)  movement of water molecules in brain tissue along the axons.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a blackwidow spider. Shortly after being bitten, he started having breathing difficulties, then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widowspider's venom:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocked acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons.
B)  blocked the release of serotonin from sending neurons.
C)  shut down the functioning of the substantia nigra in Phil's brain.
D)  caused acetylcholine to be continuously released by the motor neurons.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  the degeneration of the myelin sheath, slowing or interrupting the transmission of neural messages.
B)  an abnormal increase in the thickness of the myelin sheath, blocking the release of neurotransmitters.
C)  the gradual decline in the ability of neurons to produce neurotransmitters.
D)  dendrites becoming brittle and breaking.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Janeen and Marty were strolling down a wooded path in a citypark when a man holding a knife suddenly jumped out of the shrubbery. Rather than fight, Janeen and Marty decided toflee and took off running in the opposite direction. This quick reaction reflects the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by the _____ nervous system, which stimulates the_____ to produce _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic; adrenal medulla; dopamine and serotonin
B)  parasympathetic; adrenal cortex; melatonin and androgen
C)  sympathetic; adrenal medulla; epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)  central; hypothalamus; GABA and dopamineE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Neurotransmitters:

Accepted Answer

A)  are chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream primarily by endocrine glands.
B)  are present in extremely small quantities in the brain.
C)  are constantly changing their basic molecular shape as the human brain adapts to new experiences.
D)  compete with sodium and potassium ions for the receptor sites on the surrounding neurons.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

When a neuron is polarized:

Correct Answer
verified

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves:

Correct Answer
verified

Neurotransmitters:

Correct Answer
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A Focus on Neuroscience section in the text described a research study involving participants who learned how to juggle. What was the purpose of the study?

Correct Answer
verified

The electrical charge of a neuron when it is in the resting potential state is about:

Correct Answer
verified

How is each part of the body represented on the somatosensory cortex?

Correct Answer
verified

What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor site?

Correct Answer
verified

Functional plasticity:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

Correct Answer
verified

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the:

Correct Answer
verified

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

Correct Answer
verified

Which brain structure exerts considerable influence over these cretion of hormones throughout the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Maria heard a strange banging noise just outside her bedroom window in the middle of the night. She froze in fear, and herheart began to pound. Maria's heightened physical arousal involved the activation of which subdivision of the nervoussystem?

Correct Answer
verified

Petro is unable to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain damage. Petro suffers from:

Correct Answer
verified

When a neurotransmitter communicates an inhibitory message to a postsynaptic neuron, the:

Correct Answer
verified

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the _ and _ nervous systems.

Correct Answer
verified

During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a blackwidow spider. Shortly after being bitten, he started having breathing difficulties, then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widowspider's venom:

Correct Answer
verified

Two important language regions in the brain, Broca's areaand Wernicke's area, are named after the European scientistswho discovered their functions in the mid-1800s.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The notion of structural plasticity:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

When a neuron is polarized:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurotransmitters:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Focus on Neuroscience section in the text described a research study involving participants who learned how to juggle. What was the purpose of the study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The electrical charge of a neuron when it is in the resting potential state is about:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is each part of the body represented on the somatosensory cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor site?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Functional plasticity:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which brain structure exerts considerable influence over these cretion of hormones throughout the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maria heard a strange banging noise just outside her bedroom window in the middle of the night. She froze in fear, and herheart began to pound. Maria's heightened physical arousal involved the activation of which subdivision of the nervoussystem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Petro is unable to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain damage. Petro suffers from:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a neurotransmitter communicates an inhibitory message to a postsynaptic neuron, the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the _____ and _____ nervous systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a blackwidow spider. Shortly after being bitten, he started having breathing difficulties, then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widowspider's venom:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two important language regions in the brain, Broca's areaand Wernicke's area, are named after the European scientistswho discovered their functions in the mid-1800s.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The notion of structural plasticity:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the _ and _ nervous systems.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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