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Transcranial magnetic stimulation is


A) more intrusive than ECT.
B) less effective than ECT.
C) the last resort treatment for depression because it causes memory loss.
D) replacing ECT as the standard electro-treatment for depression.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Discuss the reasons for describing a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and describe the criteria for this new disorder.

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In Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad, individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT


A) themselves.
B) their immediate world.
C) moral principles.
D) their future.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Unipolar mania


A) does not exist.
B) is rare.
C) is fairly common.
D) is a part of bipolar disorder.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In research looking at the biological causes of mood disorders, studies have shown that if one of a set of twins is unipolar, the chances that the other twin is bipolar are


A) high.
B) moderate.
C) low.
D) slim to none.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes and untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?


A) Depressive episodes generally last longer.
B) Manic episodes generally last longer.
C) Both types of episodes typically last about the same amount of time.
D) This comparison cannot be made because only depressive episodes can be treated.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused


A) manic episodes in the elderly.
B) severe weight loss in adolescents.
C) sudden death in children.
D) all of these are correct

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably


A) would be considered "moody."
B) cannot function normally at all.
C) has more depressive episodes
D) has full manic episodes.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Describe the differences between feeling sad and depressed versus experiencing a major depressive disorder. Be sure to mention the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in your answer.

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Sample Answer: At some point in time, yo...

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According to recent research, the median duration of recurrent (subsequent to the first episode) major depressive episodes is


A) one to two months.
B) four to five months.
C) seven to nine months.
D) 11 to 12 months.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience


A) full manic episodes.
B) hypomanic episodes.
C) both manic and hypomanic episodes.
D) neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?


A) The suicide rate is high among African Americans but low among Native Americans.
B) The suicide rate among adolescents in the United States is decreasing.
C) For college students, suicide is the second leading cause of death.
D) Females are more likely than males to die from suicide.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to recent research, the percentage of people age 18 to 23 who have already experienced major depression is _____%.


A) 10
B) 18
C) 25
D) 40

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is informed by


A) the learned helplessness model.
B) cognitive-behavioral theory.
C) humanistic/existential theory.
D) the Seligman model of depression.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The physical or somatic symptoms of a major depressive disorder include


A) changes in appetite or weight.
B) decreased ability to concentrate.
C) increased energy.
D) orgasmic feelings.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A depressed young woman enters a psychologist's office for her first appointment. The therapist tells her that they will work together to recognize and correct her "negative thinking errors." The type of therapy that will be used here is called


A) interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) .
B) conditional therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) antidepressive therapy.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Mood disorders can take on many forms; one of the most severe, involving repeated episodes of extremely low mood, is referred to as


A) major depressive disorder.
B) persistent depressive disorder.
C) cyclothymia.
D) Melancholia.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes in the disorder called


A) bipolar I disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) complicated grief.
D) cyclothymia.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class of drugs called


A) SSRIs.
B) tricyclics.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) tranquilizers.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Describe the learned helplessness theory of depression. Use this model to explain how a failure or disappointment in life is theorized to lead to depression. Give a specific example of something upsetting that could happen to an individual and the thought process that this model suggests could contribute to the person's subsequent feelings of depression.

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